Following a description of the essential chemical and physical structures of most archive documents, this paper examines the various pollutants that can damage these documents and gives their characteristics. The pollutants are categorized as environmental (e.g., smokes, mineral dusts); exterior gas and vapor (e.g., oxygen, water, sulphur dioxide); and internal active pollutants (e.g., organic acids, aldehydes); and pollution from activities (e.g., burning fuels, air treatment systems). The kinds of damage caused by these pollutants are then discussed for seven types of materials: (1) carbohydrates, cellulose, starch and gums; (2) cellulose esters, nitrate, and acetate; (3) protein materials; (4) synthetic polymers; (5) natural organic materials; (6) metals and their compounds; and (7) colored organic substances. Anti-pollution strategies for archives are presented in three categories representing different approaches to the problem: elimination of the sources of pollution, preventing the entry of pollutants, and deactivation of pollutants within an archive. Guidelines for forecasting pollution and pollution auditing are also provided. A brief summary concludes the report and a 44-item annotated bibliography is attached. (EW)