At the state and local level, many school systems, districts and early childhood networks have developed approaches and programs to support children's transition to school. These programs often address school readiness. There are many definitions of school readiness. Some refer to the skills and attributes of individual children, defining it as "the state of child competencies at the time of school entry that are important for later success" (Snow 2006:9). In this paper, school readiness for Indigenous Australian children is investigated from the basis of the strengths of all concerned--children, families, educators and communities. Research is analysed and programs are described. An overview of these programs is provided in the section "Which readiness programs and activities have been developed both nationally and internationally?", with more details provided in Appendix 2. Appendices include: (1) Background to the literature review; and (2) Brief descriptions of readiness programs and activities. (Contains 6 tables.) [This paper was produced for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse.]