This article explores competencies and methods for their assessment in higher education and in social work's accreditation standards. Many contemporary policy and educational accreditation efforts employ the model of competency assessment. The current emphasis on accountability in higher education, including the Council on Social Work Education's 2008 and draft 2015 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards, is contextualized through a short history of this movement and its purposes. A multipart definition of competencies is offered based on McClelland's pivotal conceptualization of competency assessment. Within this competency model, several methods of assessing competencies in social work education are described and critically examined. The importance of identifying an appropriate and complete list of competencies is also addressed. Several issues regarding how to assess professional competencies are identified for future professional discussion.