This paper discusses results from an evaluation of the UK-based Communities that Care programme. This "risk and protective" programme was set up in 1997 by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation with a central aim of exploring if such an approach could be successful in the UK context. Communities that Care puts into operation the "risk factor paradigm" by providing evidence of risk and protection for local communities that help them target resources for the reduction of future social problems. Results show that such a model looks "promising" although there are substantial implementation issues that need to be addressed if it is to be successful over a longer time frame.