This report relies on a composite sample of 12 National Opinion Research Center surveys (with a total sample of 17,700) to trace out the basic outlines of the achievements of American denominational and ethnic groups. There are three fundamental questions addressed in this analysis: (1) whether there are inequalities of achievement among the various denominational and ethnic groups in American society; (2) whether these inequalities lend support for the Protestant ethnic hypothesis in a modernized and refurbished form; and (3) whether the acculturation paths of the ethnic groups -- Catholic and Jewish -- who poured into the United States between 1880 and the nativist immigration restriction acts of 1920 could be traced. Following an introduction, this report is divided into two separate sections. The first part discusses denomination and inequality of achievement. The second part discusses ethnicity and inequality of achievement. Within each section education, income, and occupation are discussed successively and then an attempt is made to reconstruct a demographic history of the various groups in the present century. Some concluding observations are made about the persistence of inequality among white non-Spanish Americans. (Author/JM)