Recent immigration to the southern United States has created challenges for educators. This article synthesizes current works about the education of immigrants and English language learners (ELLs) in the South, and teacher preparation for working with ELLs. Reviewed studies revealed that immigrant and ELL students often are unwelcome and unwanted in the schools, and are discriminated against due to their perceived or actual immigration status both on state and local levels. In addition, teachers in southern schools are unprepared to work with immigrant and ELL youth. The author discusses the implications of this research for educators, administrators, and school district personnel in southern schools, and provides some suggestions for addressing these issues.