In this article the authors examine problems of the characteristics of the Westernization of the mentality of college and university students in four countries that are going through modernization: (1) Russia; (2) Turkey; (3) Kazakhstan; and (4) Kyrgyzstan. What the authors mean by "mentality" is the deep-seated "unconscious, unreflected" part of social consciousness, which consists of values and norms of behavior. It forms the foundation of a culture on which various consciously construed ideological systems are based. This aspect of social consciousness has not been adequately studied by sociologists, due to the difficulty of making objective judgments about mental values. Only since the mid-twentieth century have abstract philosophical conjectures concerning differences between different cultures began to be reinforced and verified by mass surveys of stereotypes and values. It is from that period that the authors can begin to talk about the formation of ethnometry [etnometriia], an area of ethnosocial research that analyzes the mental characteristics of various ethnic groups. In this study the authors have drawn on the ethnometric approach developed by the Dutch scientist Geert Hofstede, whose first studies were carried out in the late 1960s. (Contains 5 tables, 1 figure and 5 notes.)