Much of the conversation in recent years about how to attract and retain high-quality teachers has focused on salaries--how much teachers are paid, the possibilities of differentiated pay scales, and pay for performance. But it has become increasingly clear that teachers take much more than salary into account when tallying up working conditions. Although financial compensation is a significant consideration, teachers also care greatly about workplace factors that affect their ability to provide a good education for their students. Beyond considering "why" teacher working conditions matter, it's also important to get a sense of "what" matters to teachers. The list of possible factors can be long. For many teachers, the increased attention to high-stakes test results is stressful and might be a disincentive to enter or remain in teaching. By contrast, a differentiated staffing system that provides opportunities for teachers to vary their responsibilities might be a positive factor. The challenge is to identify the key factors, especially those factors that school leaders can influence to better support teachers and contribute to their job satisfaction.