The nature and effects of head trauma are discussed. Among the most common deficits noted are impaired cognition, difficulties in oral and written communication, sensory problems, and marked personality changes. Suggestions are offered for dealing with each type of deficit, such as using alarm clocks and other tools to remind the individual about daily tasks. Suggestions are also given for approaches that may help the victim (such as showing acceptance and patience). Effects on the family are noted, and help in the form of understanding and empathy is stressed. (CL)