Dr. Goldstein continues the laudable practice of reprinting articles of historical significance in the history of ADHD with this selective reprinting of material from the original article by Maurice Laufer, Eric Denhoff, and Gerald Solomons on hyperkinetic impulsive disorder (HID) in children. This article on HID is among the first articles to distinguish a group of children who were seriously hyperactive and impulsive yet who did not have evidence by history of significant brain injury. It also signaled a return to focusing on child behavioral disorders in 1957 after a hiatus in which two World Wars preoccupied the general population and medical professionals alike. In this article, all of the major symptom dimensions that would go on to characterize both minimal brain dysfunction and eventually ADHD were noted, including short attention span, variability of behavior and work performance, impulsiveness, and emotional dysregulation. The authors recommended a combination of treatment approaches, including amphetamine, counseling of the parents, and psychotherapy for the child--a treatment package only modestly different from that recommended today. The exception is that psychotherapy has not proven to be of much value for management of the disorder. Nevertheless, use of ADHD medications, parent training, and school interventions would be considered the mainstay of modern treatment for children with ADHD. From an historical perspective, this article was also of considerable significance because it argued for a time-limited course of the disorder that was most likely to be outgrown by adolescence. It is this article that established the clinical opinion at the time that HID would be "overcome by the operation of normal maturational processes" typically by adolescence. That opinion turned out to be incorrect as many children with HID (ADHD) have since been found to have a quite persistent disorder into adulthood, although perhaps 14% to 35% may eventually recover from it by their late 20s.