Czech-German relations developed in a complex way during the twentieth century. This article addresses the mutual historical and current relations of these nations, in light of historical events in the last century. The analysis is based on the study of period geography textbooks (as an example of one of the tools used to create a picture of the neighboring nation for young people) and recent questionnaires distributed among the borderland population. Moreover, this article seeks to outline the potential role that geography education may play in relation to improving Czech-German, or, more specifically, Czech-Bavarian relations.