This study provides an in-depth investigation of Turkish primary school students' perceptions of geography. Gender differences in students' perceptions of geography were investigated, including definitions of geography and its field of study. The findings showed that "landforms," "our geographical regions/Turkey," "mapwork", and "countries" dominated among students' definitions. Geography topics cited were mainly within the "physical geography" category and mostly those of "landforms" and "cartography". A chi-square test revealed a statistically significant difference between girls and boys in the "Turkey" category and the "history-related issues" category.