A SERIES OF STUDIES WAS CONDUCTED TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION AND TO ASSESS A COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENTAL INTERPRETATION OF IQ-PERSONALITY CORRELATIONS. THE SPECIFIC FOCUS OF THE STUDY WAS THE RELATIONSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL MATURITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEX-ROLE ATTITUDES. AGE-DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN SEX-ROLE ATTITUDES WERE EMPIRICALLY ESTABLISHED, AND TESTING WAS UNDERTAKEN TO EVALUATE THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THESE TRENDS OCCUR EARLIER IN BRIGHT CHILDREN THAN IN AVERAGE CHILDREN. MEASURES OF (1) TOTAL AND SEX-TYPED DEPENDENCY, (2) TOTAL AND SEX-TYPED IMITATION OF ADULTS, (3) DOLL-PLAY ATTACHMENT AND IMITATION OF MOTHER AND FATHER, (4) SEX-TYPED INTERESTS, AND (5) SEX-TYPED PEER PREFERENCES WERE ADMINISTERED TO A CORE GROUP OF 64 MIDDLE CLASS CHILDREN AGED 4 TO 8. A FOLLOW-UP STUDY, CONDUCTED 1 YEAR AFTER THE FIRST STUDY, CONFIRMED THE VALIDITY OF THE INITIAL TESTING, AND AN ADDITIONAL GROUP OF 10-YEAR-OLDS WERE TESTED ON 1 OF THE MEASURES FOR PURPOSES OF COMPARISON. ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF TESTING WITH THE STANFORD-BINET TEST AND THE GESELL DEVELOPMENTAL EXAMINATION, THE SUBJECTS WERE DIVIDED INTO GROUPS OF BRIGHT AND AVERAGE CHILDREN. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND TO EXIST BETWEEN THE 2 GROUPS IN PERFORMANCE ON THE SEX-ROLE MEASUREMENTS. BRIGHT CHILDREN WERE FOUND TO BE MORE ADVANCED IN AGE TRENDS OF SEX-ROLE ATTITUDE DEVELOPMENT. THE FINDINGS OF THE STUDY WERE COMPATIBLE WITH A COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY OF THE FORMATION OF SEX-ROLE ATTITUDES. THIS DOCUMENT APPEARED IN GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY MONOGRAPHS, VOLUME 75, PAGES 89-165, 1967, PUBLISHED BY THE JOURNAL PRESS, 2 COMMERCIAL STREET, PROVINCETOWN, MASSACHUSETTS 02657. (JS)