There is an urgent need to formulate a new set of goals, methods and concepts for instruction in English as a second language (ESL) if it is to remain viable and make its potential contribution to American education. The present work draws on recent developments in linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and language pedagogy in an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for such a new formulation. It is directed at teachers and teachers-in-training, particularly those interested in ESL and bilingual education, and is divided into the following nine chapters: (1) "From Melting Pot to Salad Bowl," (2) "Psychological Foundations," (3) "Linguistic Foundations," (4) "Cultural Foundations," (5) "Current Trends in ESL," (6) "Survival Skills for Students and Teachers," (7) "Strategies for Instruction," (8) "The Role of ESL in Bilingual Education," and (9) "Preparation for Teaching." The appendix consists of information concerning the case of Lau vs. Nichols. (Author/CLK)