The authors contend that the term "evidence-based treatment" (EBT) is often used synonymously with the term "evidence-based practice" (EBP) without making an important distinction. If a practitioner is applying an EBT, it should not be assumed that one is "practicing" the evidence. Within the infant-family and early childhood field, this confusion threatens the quality and appropriateness of services provided for infants, young children, and their families. To highlight the importance of understanding and using EBP, the authors review some of the ways in which the sole use of EBTs creates clinical dilemmas.