Scientists, teachers, and others who defend the teaching of evolution in public school science classes have grown accustomed to countering accusations that acceptance of the theory disavows religious faith. Now, an increasing number of grassroots organizations are trying to fight that perception with renewed vigor, and in so doing, cultivate rank-and-file support for the theory of life's origins advanced by Charles Darwin nearly 150 years ago. This article discusses origins of controversy on evolution and the states in which these controversies have emerged.