Parent responses to children's emotions vary within and across cultures. The present study compared mothers' reports of their emotional and behavioral responses in hypothetical situations depicting their children experiencing anger, sadness, or physical pain in two communities in India (traditional old city, "N" = 60; suburban middle class, "N" = 60), with a suburban middle-class group in the USA ("N" = 60). Results showed that mothers in both groups in India reported more explanation-oriented problem-focused responses to their children's emotions than US mothers. US mothers reported the most solution-oriented problem-focused responses, followed by suburban Indian mothers, followed by old-city mothers. US mothers reported behaviorally-oriented punitive responses (i.e., time out, removal of privileges) towards child anger more than the other groups. Suburban Indian mothers reported briefly not talking to the child in response to child anger more than the other groups whereas old-city Indian mothers reported scolding/spanking more than the other groups. (Contains 5 tables.)