This report on rural child care in Ontario provides a literature review, a discussion of the term "rural," summaries of related studies, descriptions of program models, and an analysis of statistical data indicating the need for services. The literature review focuses on geographic, economic, and political factors; staffing; rural and urban differences in values and attitudes; integration and flexibility; and rural advantages, models, and child care. The definition of the term "rural" is approached in terms of general considerations, points made in the Canadian Rural Development Council's 1979 workshop report, findings of a survey circulated to Ministry of Community and Social Services (MCSS) area office staff, and a typology thought to serve better than a simple urban/rural dichotomy. The reports of studies of rural child care echo those described in the literature on rural service delivery. The models of delivery systems discussed include center- and home-based care, resource and drop-in centers, mobile programs, and cooperatives. Problems of transportation and linkages and integration of services are also discussed. Prior to a concluding statement that summarizes the report, information from Statistics Canada and the Day Nurseries Information System are analyzed. An appendix provides a description of four MCSS rural child care pilot or demonstration projects. (RH)