Morbidity and mortality related to chronic diseases are a primary concern of health professionals, including Health Educators. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over one half of the adult population in the United States suffer from one or more chronic conditions. Understanding the health risk behaviors that contribute to the incidence and prevalence of these conditions must be taken into consideration when discussing interventions focused on chronic disease prevention and health promotion. The articles in this special issue represent much conceptual and empirical effort to uncover the underpinnings of the determinants of health behaviors and thus clarify the mechanisms of behavior change. These original contributions highlight some of the fundamental considerations from cognitive, environmental, and social perspectives that ultimately impact successful intervention effects on behavior selection related to health outcomes.