The smallest and most remote villages in the developing countries are affected by the rapid and seemingly irresistible trend towards globalization. The limitless availability of information however necessitates education to stand out as the key factor for human and national development. But which conditions must be met by societies for education systems to perform this function effectively? Which benefits in turn must education systems provide to ensure social cohesion? These general considerations are exemplified by an analysis of the social situation of Nigeria, where one third of the whole population did not receive an education and thus cannot participate in the opportunities of modern social structures. As an advocate of the social values of freedom, dignity and charity the church stated clearly that education belongs to the inalienable human rights. The study argues that only a holistic development of each and every citizen of Nigeria will lead to the development of Nigeria as a nation. It portrays the areas where lack of formal education has slowed down the implementation and acceptance of modern techniques and as a result has hampered development. It critically analyses the Nigerian educational system and concludes by suggesting strategies towards national development. The book contains the following chapters: (1) The description of Education and Nation building; (2) The Teachings of the Church on Education and Human development; (3) A Brief Historical Survey of the Development of Education in Nigeria; (4) Aims of Educational Acquisition; (5) Formal Education and some Factors of Nation Building in Nigeria; (6) Targets (Strategies) towards National Development; and (7) Some Issues of Concern in Nigerian Educational System.