The authors' previous work and the data reported in the preceding chapters of this monograph provide conclusive evidence of the persistent nature of the negative impact of early severe deprivation. Institutional deprivation, despite the good outcomes for many, was often associated with substantial impairment and disorder across a wide range of psychopathological domains at all follow-up ages. In this chapter, the authors note that the biological concomitants are not confined to deprivation-specific psychological patterns (DSPs) although they apply most strongly to them. The implication is that the non-DSP categories probably include some DSP components that have been excluded because their criteria are too restrictive. They cannot exclude the possibility that there are institutional deprivation effects that operate through some other mediating mechanism, but they have no evidence to indicate that this is likely. (Contains 4 tables and 5 figures.)