This book aims to provide readers with a general as well as an advanced overview of the key trends in childhood obesity. Obesity is an illness that occurs due to a combination of genetic, environmental, psychosocial, metabolic and hormonal factors. The prevalence of obesity has shown a great rise both in adults and children in the last 30 years. It is known that one third of children who are obese in childhood and 80% of adolescents who are obese in their adolescent years continue to be obese later in life. Obesity is an important risk factor in serious illnesses such as heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and early atherosclerosis. This book contains the following chapters: (1) Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in a Developing Country (Ana Mayra Andrade de Oliveira); (2) Early Infant Feeding Influences and Weight of Children (Elizabeth Reifsnider and Elnora Mendias); (3) Can Breastfeeding Reduce the Risk of Childhood Obesity? (Laurie Twells, Leigh Anne Newhook and Valerie Ludlow); (4) Waist Circumference in Children and Adolescents from Different Ethnicities (Peter Schwandt and Gerda-Maria Haas); (5) Critical Periods for the Development of Obesity (C. Campoy, T. Anjos and E. Martin-Bautista); (6) Childhood Inmigration and Obesity--An Emerging Problem (I. Diez Lopez and M. Carranza Ferrer); (7) Comorbidities of Childhood Obesity (Ambar Banerjee and Dara P. Schuster); (8) Behavioral and Psychosocial Factors in Childhood Obesity (Fernando L. Vazquez and Angela Torres); (9) Obesity and Quality of Life in Communities of Diverse Ethnicity and Low Socioeconomics (Joan Griffith); (10) Childhood Obesity: The Need for Practice Based Solutions--A South African Perspective (A.E. Pienaar and G.L. Strydom); and (11) "Jugando a Ganar Salud" ("Playing to Gain Health"): A Summer-Vacation Physical Activity and Correct Eating Workshop for School-Aged Children--A Pilot Study (Karime Haua-Navarro, Luz Irene Moreno-Landa, Marcela Perez-Rodriguez, Guillermo Melendez and Ana Bertha Perez-Lizaur).