The 51st meeting of the Commission Internationale pour L'Etude et L'Amelioration de L'Ensignment des Mathematiques (CIEAEM) was held July, 1999 at Chichester, UK and facilitated the collaboration of delegates from over 30 countries providing a variety of perspectives on the theme OCultural Diversity in Mathematics Education'. The papers in this book concern the relevance and significance of mathematics in art, culture, and the humanities in the modern world. After first recalling knowledge of early mathematical development in Egypt, Babylonia, China and India, the book assesses present-day consequences of the availability of cheap modern technology from computers, hand-held calculators, and the Internet. It focuses on the variety of beliefs, both religious and cultural, and perceptual differences and practices among mathematicians and mathematics educators internationally, and on the vocational aspects in business, commerce, science, and everyday life. There is coverage of student diversity and interest and their varying abilities, aptitudes, and backgrounds with regard to teaching strategies at all levels of mathematics instruction. The contents focus on five major themes of the conference: (1) "Looking Back, Moving Forward"; (2) "Effective Cooperation between Mathematicians, Mathematics Educators, and Uses of Mathematics"; (3) "Coping with Diversity of Student Interest, Abilities, Aptitudes and Background"; (4) "Mathematics Cultures Across Different Sectors of Education"; and (5) "Beliefs and Practices in Mathematics and Mathematics Education". (KHR)