This joint OECD-World Bank report for Kazakhstan forms part of the OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools. The purpose of the Review is to explore how resources can be governed, distributed, utilised and managed to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. School resources are understood in a broad way, including financial resources (e.g. expenditures on education, school budget), physical resources (e.g. school buildings, computers), human resources (e.g. teachers, school leaders) and other resources (e.g. learning time). Kazakhstan was one of the countries which opted to participate in the country review strand and host a visit by an external review team. This publication is the report from the review team. It provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the use of school resources in Kazakhstan, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches. The report serves three purposes: (1) Provide insights and advice to Kazakh education authorities; (2) Help other countries understand the Kazakh approach; and (3) Provide input for the final comparative analysis of the OECD School Resources Review. The report is organised in five chapters. Chapter 1 provides the national context, with information on the Kazakh school system, main trends and concerns as well as recent developments. Then Chapters 2 to 5 analyse the effectiveness of school resource use along its main dimensions: governance, distribution, utilisation and management, presenting strengths, challenges and policy recommendations. The policy recommendations attempt to build on and strengthen reforms that are already underway in Kazakhstan, and the strong commitment to further improvement that was evident among those the review team met. Individual chapters contain references and annexes. A glossary is included.