Significant progress has been made in developing models of social information processing, and cognitive-behavioral processes and related interventions. While there has been limited attention to cognitive-behavioral modification (CBM) in the special education literature, the majority of the contributions have come from the fields of school, clinical, and cognitive psychology. Despite well-documented needs of students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) in areas of anger/aggression, anxiety, depression, and research demonstrating the efficacy of CBM interventions in these areas, these disciplines have operated somewhat independently of each other with respect to CBM. This special issue brings together leading scholars from special education and psychology in a collaborative examination of current knowledge on cognitive-behavioral interventions for students displaying specific challenging behaviors.