This study evaluated from a developmental point of view the basic concept knowledge and human figure drawings of children who did and did not attend preschool. A total of 118 children who received preschool education and 147 children who did not do so participated in the study. The mean age of children was 75.4 months. Their concept knowledge was evaluated by using the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (Boehm-3) and their human figure drawings were evaluated by using Koppitz's developmental scoring criteria. Consequently, a meaningful difference was found between the basic concept knowledge of children who attended preschool (p less than 0.05) and those who did not, however no such difference was found in their human figure drawings (p greater than 0.05). In addition to these, the study also examined the correlation between children's basic concept scores and their developmental human figure drawing scores (children who went to preschoolers r = 0.156, p greater than 0.05, children who did not attend preschoolers r = 0.40, p greater than 0.05).