Potential Biases in Leadership Measures: How Prototypes, Leniency, and General Satisfaction Relate to Ratings and Rankings of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Constructs.

Bass, Bernard M.; Avolio, Bruce J.

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Peer reviewed

ERIC Number: EJ399775

Record Type: Journal

Publication Date: 1989

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EISSN: N/A

Potential Biases in Leadership Measures: How Prototypes, Leniency, and General Satisfaction Relate to Ratings and Rankings of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Constructs.

Bass, Bernard M.; Avolio, Bruce J.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, v49 n3 p509-27 Fall 1989

Eighty-seven employed people completed a graphic rating or a forced ranking questionnaire describing their immediate superiors. Transformational and transactional leadership constructs were examined in relation to the participant's leadership prototype, leniency in rating, and general satisfaction. Overall, forced ranking yielded more independent assessment of transactional and transformational leadership. (SLD)

Descriptors: Employee Attitudes, Employees, Leadership Qualities, Measures (Individuals), Questionnaires, Rating Scales, Supervisors, Test Bias, Transformational Leadership

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research

Education Level: N/A

Audience: N/A

Language: English

Sponsor: N/A

Authoring Institution: N/A

Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A

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