Ever since the Soviet era there has been an entire system of social welfare benefits in connection with the birth and upbringing of children. Nowadays, in the independent states that came into being in the post-Soviet space, extensive use is also made of various social welfare benefits that are linked to prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal periods. Of course, the number and amounts of such benefits are different. It is obvious that comparing and contrasting practices intended to encourage the birth rate and to provide social assistance to families in connection with the birth of a child in the three Slavic countries of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine can be very helpful in formulating and improving demographic policy in these countries. In this article, the author compares the benefits in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine that are paid to women at different stages of pregnancy, the benefits provided at birth, and the payments made during childhood years.