The study of the legal culture of young people in the interaction between subjective factors and objective conditions characterizing the transformation of societies in the post-Soviet space makes it possible not only to assess the current state of that culture, but also to map out ways to improve it. In this article, the authors examine the shaping of the legal culture of young people in school in Russia and in Belarus using the materials from a survey conducted by the Division of the Sociology of Young People, Institute for Social and Political Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, commissioned by the Moscow Bureau of UNESCO in 2003 and 2005. The sample used in 2005 consisted of adolescent students between the ages of twelve and eighteen in Russia (in Moscow and in Voronezh, n = 801 subjects), and in Belarus (in Minsk and Gomel, n = 802 subjects). In addition, a survey of experts (legal experts, college, university, and technicum instructors, schoolteachers, and of law enforcement personnel) was carried out in 2005, including forty-nine in Russia and thirty-five in Belarus. The following are the findings gathered by the authors: (1) Both the Russians and the Belarusan respondents are practically unanimous in their opinion that it is essential to toughen up the requirements demanded of adolescents and their parents in regard to obeying the laws; (2) Russia and Belarus share predominant approaches to improving the legal culture of young people in school--improving the institution of law and the mechanisms of law enforcement; and (3) Substantial differences exist in the approaches to enhancing young people's level of trust in the law in Russia and in Belarus. (Contains 3 tables and 2 notes.)