This unit explores Virginia society between 1640 and 1680. By examining copies of original documents, students study the causes of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. Although the rebellion was a failure, understanding the reasons for the conflict gives insight into colonial Virginia. Students learn that Virginia was initially a predominantly male society of fortune hunters, who, when gold was not discovered, settled on tobacco as the quickest and surest way to riches. It was a highly stratified society with large numbers of indentured servants. In part, Bacon's Rebellion reflected the lower orders' resentment at their place in this hierarchical society. Additionally, the unit shows how the thirst for land fueled a hatred of American Indians and led to the indiscriminate assault on both friendly and hostile tribes. Finally, the unit gives insight into why the Southern colonies shifted from white bound labor to black slave labor. Elementary school children should understand that the regional differences that continue to influence our nation began in colonial America. Studying Bacon's Rebellion helps students understand colonial Virginia and the ways in which it was distinct from New England and the Middle colonies. A study of Bacon's Rebellion helps students understand that there were choices in the way white and Indian cultures interacted. One of the central issues of the rebellion was the struggle over the way Indians should be treated. The systematic extermination of Indian groups and the destruction of their cultures was not inevitable. This unit helps explain, but not excuse, the choice the white settlers of Virginia made. (Author/DK)