Although education is primarily a state function, its importance to our society makes it fertile ground for litigation. The Constitution--by authorizing the Congress to enact legislation--constrains and prescribes what happens in schools. Legislative histories, especially since the early 1960s, are outlined here. The major topics include: constitutional limits on the inculcation of religious, political, and moral values; freedom of expression for teachers and students in the school environment; the free exercise of religion; the requirements of fair procedures in the school environment; and the obligation to provide equal educational opportunity. (BZ)