Studies have shown that high blood cholesterol levels play a role in the development of coronary heart disease in adults, and that the process leading to atherosclerosis begins in childhood. To address the problem of high cholesterol levels in children, the Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels recommends complementary approaches for individuals and for the population in general. The approach for the population aims to lower blood cholesterol levels among children and adolescents through population-wide changes in nutrient intake and eating patterns. The panel's population-wide recommendations are directed at groups that influence the eating patterns of children. These groups include schools, health professionals, government agencies, the food industry, and the mass media. The individualized approach calls for the identification and treatment of children and adolescents who are at the greatest risk of having high blood cholesterol as adults. As part of this approach, the panel recommends selective screening of children and adolescents who have a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or a parent with high blood cholesterol. For children and adolescents identified as being at risk, the panel recommends a diet therapy that progressively reduces the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. In cases in which diet therapy is unsuccessful, drug therapy is recommended. (BC)