The positive effect on performance of the alignment between a business strategy and its different functional strategies has a wide support in the literature. As an emerging functional area, information assurance has come to play a strategic role by providing all departments and functions across an organization with a reliable, safe, and efficient access to information. Aligning information assurance strategy and business strategy has, therefore, become a strategic imperative. The literature suggests that information assurance alignment affects business performance and considers this alignment as "a missing opportunity." This study empirically addressed this alignment concern by exploring ways of measuring the concept of fit between business and information assurance strategies and by investigating the effects of this alignment on business performance. Both research hypotheses were empirically supported by the study's data, thereby verifying the theoretical proposition of performance impacts of information assurance strategic alignment and testing the concept of fit in favor of the moderation approach. Information assurance strategic fit was found to have a positive impact on business performance, and the concept of strategic alignment, as it relates to information assurance, was found to be better captured by adopting the moderation perspective of fit as compared to the matching approach. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]