The study, conducted in Dayton, Detroit, El Paso, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., investigated efforts to create municipal career employment and training opportunities for those who cannot meet traditional entrance requirements. It also examined the impact of programs on municipal services, and ways in which such programs can be effectively carried out. Inadequate planning time, inadequate Federal funding, and program constraints limiting types of careers that can be created, were major problems. It was found that New Careerists could improve the content and delivery of municipal services, expecially welfare client counseling and personal assistance and improvement of agency client relations. Despite shortcomings in placement, promptness, and work habits of trainees, most supervisors and other employees expressed satisfaction with trainee attitudes and performance. However, New Careers as now structured cannot be expected to meet municipal manpower shortages. Its emphasis on human services fails to consider the special employment problems of unemployed males, or the severe manpower shortage in such basic community operation and maintenance services as air pollution control, engineering and public works, waste treatment, and transportation. (LY)