After almost a half century, American higher education's use of racial preferences in admissions to selective colleges may well be coming to an end. The good news for people concerned about racial and economic justice is that in several states that have banned racial affirmative action by voter referendum or executive order, legislators and college officials have not given up on pursuing diversity. To the contrary, they have invented new systems of affirmative action that in many respects are superior to the ones being replaced since they are attentive to both economic and racial diversity. Seven states, with more than one-quarter of American high-school students, have abandoned racial and ethnic preferences at state colleges and universities; in two additional states, leading institutions have dropped race from admissions decisions. The author reports on the national ban on racial preferences in admissions that could push colleges to correct deeper issues of inequality.