This paper examines the compliance activities of the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) undertaken to eliminate racial and sex discrimination in special purpose schools administered by State departments of education. After reviewing background to non-enforcement of Title VI, and briefly explaining Title IX, the activities of OCR with regard to special purpose schools are discussed. OCR's failure to identify all these schools is examined in a comparison of OCR's 1973 State by State list with the 1967 list compiled by the Equal Educational Opportunities Program (EEOP) and with directories of State education agencies. The case of the Virginia schools for the deaf and blind is described. Compliance with Title VI and Title IX by Area Vocational Education Schools (AVES) is then discussed in terms of fund distribution and access, racial composition of programs, and OCR's compliance efforts. Issues discussed include admissions, recruitment and counseling, job placement and apprentice training, and gerrymandering. Pilot reviews of AVES conducted in five States by OCR (Arkansas, California, Georgia, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) are examined. In addition, ten compliance reviews, initiated or completed by three regional offices of OCR (Philadelphia, Atlanta, and Dallas), are described for individual schools. It is concluded that OCR must establish a division of State-administered schools in order to enforce Title VI and Title IX compliance. (Author/MC)