This report summarizes changes in student performance in the areas of citizenship and social studies, as measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress. An initial assessment of citizenship was conducted in 1969-70, and an initial assessment of social studies was conducted in 1971-72. Both areas were reassessed in 1975-76. Because citizenship and social studies cover many similar topics, changes in performance in the two areas are reported here in terms of clusters of exercises covering areas such as political knowledge/attitudes and social studies knowledge/skills. Chapter I reviews development of the citizenship and social studies exercises, and describes procedures used to sample, administer, score, and analyze the exercises. Chapter II summarizes changes in mean percentages of acceptable responses for each age group for each of the major reporting categories and subcategories (i.e., social studies knowledge in economics, history, or political science). Chapter III describes changes in performance for student subpopulations based on factors such as geographic region, socioeconomic status, and sex. It also contains tables summarizing average performance of each group on different clusters of exercises. Appendices present additional data on technical and administrative procedures and nonresponse in assessment samples. (Author/AV) Primary type of information provided by report: Results (Technical).