Education policies can discriminate against different income groups through the supply of educational opportunities. Expansion of primary school facilities in neglected areas, in this case rural Colombia, may have a high rate of return as well as raise relative incomes of poor people. A simple theoretical model deals with linkages between efficiency in distribution of education and distribution of income. Despite increased percentages of enrollments at every educational level in Colombia, access to education in rural areas remains severely limited. Recent studies discuss private and social rates of return to primary schooling for males and females along with some reference to vocational schooling, which overall yielded the highest returns. Increasing rural primary school opportunities has far-reaching implications; for example, on effects of rural education on migration to urban areas, increased productivity, and rural economic development. Returns to primary education may be lower in rural than urban areas although the most advanced rural regions may receive highest returns to education. Even where private rate of return is low, benefits in crime prevention, health care, improved literacy, and lower birth rates justify the investment. Dropout prevention policies should be tied to expansion. (RS)