Although research on African American family socialization is increasing, little is known about the beliefs, goals, and strategies of middle-class parents of young children. This study's aim was to address this research gap by examining three key aspects of parental socialization. First, the authors investigated whether and how African American mothers engage in racial socialization. Second, they examined the meanings of educational achievement to these mothers and how these meanings are conveyed through academic socialization. Third, the authors investigated which aspects of interdependence and independence these mothers promote in their children. Twelve mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children were interviewed, and 5 of these mothers participated in a focus group. Three themes were identified: (a) teaching children about African Americans' history and their ancestors' "struggle," (b) promoting educational achievement to overcome barriers of racism, and (c) promoting autonomy while maintaining close family relationships. Implications for educators and family practitioners are discussed. (Contains 3 tables.)