The rapid economic development in some regions of China over the past couple of decades has created disparities within the nation and has raised various social issues. To reduce these disparities and resolve these issues, the Chinese government has called for the creation of a more harmonious society through encouraging lifelong learning, learning cities and a learning society. First, this article theoretically and practically examines the historical moment in China that is calling for a more harmonious society for its sustainable and stable national development. Secondly, it explores the development of concepts of lifelong learning and learning cities and regions. Then, applying Holford and Jarvis's four models of a learning society, some current policies and practices of learning communities, cities and regions are analysed within the Chinese context to perceive what kind of learning society China is trying to build. The discussion leads to the concluding question: Could this type of learning society be used to help create a more harmonious society in China?