Although most efforts to improve schools through integration of academic and vocational education recognize the need for staff development, most staff development efforts fall short. The reasons these efforts often do not succeed include the following: teachers have little authority to make decisions about the improvement process; the programs do…

The Temple University Center for Vocational Education Professional Personnel Development (PPD), one of three regional centers in Pennsylvania, used qualitative strategies for steering PPD programs. Center personnel found that collecting quantitative data was absolutely necessary to determine whether objectives were being met, but was not always…

A study explored learning outcomes for secondary students in Pennsylvania. Data were collected in two stages: through a survey of the opinions of 1,089 educators in eastern Pennsylvania (51% response) and through a random sample of 3,364 member of the business and industrial community in the area (22.3% response). The survey resulted in the…

The Vocational Leadership Development Program at Indiana University of Pennsylvania prepares individuals for leadership roles in curriculum, supervision, and vocational management. It is based on a series of 136 competencies ranging in categories from management of curriculum to management of personnel to management of business and finance.…