This study collected data on the measurable qualities of Turkish science in terms of high level scientific manpower, scientific productivity, and scientific fertility from 1933 to 1966 and analyzed the data collected with the goal of providing a deeper understanding of the nature of Turkish science. Scientific personnel, including Turkish scientists abroad and foreign scientists who served Turkey during the period covered, in mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and interdisciplinary areas, were surveyed. Research methodology, statistical design, findings, and results are detailed. Based on the results of this study, seven generalizations are drawn concerning the pattern of scientific development observed in Turkey beginning in 1933. (BT)