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Zhao, Xueyu; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
We investigated whether consensus-based test translation review procedures can be used effectively in cultural contexts with high social stratification. We staged two test translation review panels in China -- where social stratification may potentially inhibit individuals' ability to express opinion and disagreement. We adapted a consensus-based…
Descriptors: Translation, Test Construction, Error Patterns, Foreign Countries
Hsieh, Hsiaolin; Wiles, Simon; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We address the concern that classification of English learners (ELs) primarily based on standardized tests does not accurately reflect what students know and can do with English. While qualitative classroom discourse analyses show that ELs' language-in-use is not as limited as test scores indicate, available evidence is sparse and prone to…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Dialogs (Language), Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Shyyan, Vitaliy; Chía, Magda; Kachchaf, Rachel – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We examined semiotic exchangeability in pop-up glossary translations and illustrations used as supports for second language learners (SLLs) in computer-administered mathematics tests. In a sample of 516 mathematics items, Grades 3-8 and 11, from a large-scale assessment program in the US, test developers identified terms that could be translated…
Descriptors: Mathematics Tests, Testing Accommodations, Test Items, Semiotics
Biernacki, Paulina J.; Altavilla, Jennifer; Kanopka, Klint; Hsieh, Hsiaolin; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We investigated how high school mathematics course placement contributes to inequalities in college preparation for students categorized as "English Learners" (ELs), especially "long-term" English Learners (LTELs). We devised a base-2 enumeration approach that allowed us to process complex transcript data from one school…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Learning Trajectories, Student Placement, High School Students
Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium, 2012
The present framework is developed under contract with the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC) as a conceptual and methodological tool for guiding the reasonings and actions of contractors in charge of developing and providing test translation accommodations for English language learners. The framework addresses important challenges in…
Descriptors: Limited English Speaking, Translation, English, Test Construction
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Li, Min – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2013
We discuss generalizability (G) theory and the fair and valid assessment of linguistic minorities, especially emergent bilinguals. G theory allows examination of the relationship between score variation and language variation (e.g., variation of proficiency across languages, language modes, and social contexts). Studies examining score variation…
Descriptors: Measurement, Testing, Language Proficiency, Test Construction
Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Educational Researcher, 2008
The testing of English language learners (ELLs) is, to a large extent, a random process because of poor implementation and factors that are uncertain or beyond control. Yet current testing practices and policies appear to be based on deterministic views of language and linguistic groups and erroneous assumptions about the capacity of assessment…
Descriptors: Generalizability Theory, Testing, Second Language Learning, Error of Measurement
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Li, Min – Educational Assessment, 2009
We investigated language variation and score variation in the testing of English language learners, native Spanish speakers. We gave students the same set of National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics items in both their first language and their second language. We examined the amount of score variation due to the main and interaction…
Descriptors: Scores, Testing, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Li, Min – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2008
The dependability of academic achievement measures for English language learners (ELLs) is influenced by three facts: (a) Each ELL has unique strengths and weaknesses in each language mode (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) both in English and in his or her first language, (b) each test item poses a different set of linguistic demands…
Descriptors: Generalizability Theory, Test Items, Dialects, Academic Achievement
Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Teachers College Record, 2006
This article examines the intersection of psychometrics and sociolinguists in the testing of English language learners (ELLs); it discusses language, dialect, and register as sources of measurement error. Research findings show that the dialect of the language in which students are tested (e.g., local or standard English) is as important as…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Test Construction, Sociolinguistics, Psychometrics
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Li, Min – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2006
We contend that generalizability (G) theory allows the design of psychometric approaches to testing English-language learners (ELLs) that are consistent with current thinking in linguistics. We used G theory to estimate the amount of measurement error due to code (language or dialect). Fourth- and fifth-grade ELLs, native speakers of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 4, Grade 5, English (Second Language)
Peer reviewed
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Trumbull, Elise – Educational Researcher, 2003
Suggests the importance of new paradigms in research and practice on testing English language learners (ELLs) to effectively address the complexities of language and culture, identifying three key issues: test review, test development, and treatment of language as a source of measurement error. Research examples illustrate the importance and…
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Lara, Julia; Sexton, Ursula; Navarrete, Cecilia – 2001
This sampler of student responses to mathematics and science items was assembled to show how student responses differ depending on whether students are tested in English or in their native languages. The sampler aims to promote awareness among teachers and assessment developers that low language proficiency in English is a factor that can penalize…
Descriptors: Chinese, Elementary School Students, English (Second Language), Haitian Creole