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Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Wang, Chao; Shade, Chelsey – International Journal of Testing, 2016
We examined multimodality (the representation of information in multiple semiotic modes) in the context of international test comparisons. Using Program of International Student Assessment (PISA)-2009 data, we examined the correlation of the difficulty of science items and the complexity of their illustrations. We observed statistically…
Descriptors: Semiotics, Difficulty Level, Test Items, Science Tests
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Backhoff, Eduardo; Contreras-Niño, Luis A.; Vázquez-Muñoz, Mariana – International Journal of Testing, 2015
Indicators of academic achievement for bilingual students can be inaccurate due to linguistic heterogeneity. For indigenous populations, language shift (the gradual replacement of one language by another) is a factor that can increase this heterogeneity and poses an additional challenge for valid testing. We investigated whether and how indigenous…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Maya (People), Preschool Children, Mathematics Tests
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Backhoff, Eduardo; Contreras-Nino, Luis Angel – International Journal of Testing, 2009
In this article, we present a theory of test translation whose intent is to provide the conceptual foundation for effective, systematic work in the process of test translation and test translation review. According to the theory, translation error is multidimensional; it is not simply the consequence of defective translation but an inevitable fact…
Descriptors: Test Items, Investigations, Semantics, Translation
Peer reviewed
Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Trumbull, Elise; Nelson-Barber, Sharon – International Journal of Testing, 2002
Developed a model for the concurrent development of assessments in two language versions and tested the model with classes of seven bilingual teachers who developed the assessments in English and Spanish. Results show that the model allows assessment developers to give deeper consideration to culture in test development. (SLD)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Teachers, Cultural Awareness, English