Proportional reasoning is the cornerstone of many higher-level mathematics topics. We evaluated the sustainability effects of schema-based instruction (SBI) on proportional reasoning and the impact of professional development (PD) on the instructional practices of two cohorts of seventh-grade teachers (i.e., SBI-experienced-teacher implementers,…

The present study summarized three studies of schema-based instruction (SBI), a research-based Tier 1 mathematics program implemented in general education classrooms. We evaluated the efficacy of SBI in improving the mathematics achievement of seventh-grade students, including students with or at risk for mathematics disabilities (MD). The three…

The purpose of this replication study was to provide replication evidence not currently available of the effects of a research-based mathematics program, schema-based instruction, on the mathematical problem-solving performance of 7th-grade students. The replication was implemented in 36 schools in 5 districts; 59 mathematics teachers and their…

This article reports results from a study investigating the efficacy of a proportional problem-solving intervention, schema-based instruction (SBI), in seventh grade. Participants included 806 students with mathematical difficulties in problem solving (MD-PS) from an initial pool of 1,999 seventh grade students in a larger study. Teachers and…

The present study used a regression discontinuity approach to test whether schema-based instruction (SBI) was effective for students identified with varying levels of mathematics difficulties (MD) who received Tier-1 instruction. The performance of these students was compared to similar students who received business-as-usual Tier-1 instruction.…

Ratio and proportional relationships, along with the interrelated topics of fractions, decimals, and percent provide a critical foundation for algebra (National Mathematics Advisory Panel, 2008). Solving even simple proportion problems is challenging for many children and adolescents. A small number of studies have examined the efficacy of…

Ratio and proportional relationships, along with the interrelated topics of fractions,decimals, and percent, provide a critical foundation for algebra (National Mathematics Advisory Panel, 2008). Proportional reasoning, which not only requires understanding the concept of ratios and that two or more ratios are equal, also requires the ability to…

The present study used a regression discontinuity approach to test whether schema-based instruction (SBI) was effective for students identified with varying levels of mathematics difficulties (MD) who received Tier 1 instruction. The performance of these students was compared to similar students who received business as usual Tier 1 instruction.…

This study examined the effect of schema-based instruction (SBI) on the proportional problem-solving performance of students with mathematics difficulties only (MD) and students with mathematics and reading difficulties (MDRD). Specifically, we examined the responsiveness of 260 seventh grade students identified as MD or MDRD to a 6-week treatment…

This paper reports results from a study investigating the efficacy of a proportional problem-solving intervention, schema-based instruction (SBI), in seventh grade. Participants included 806 students with mathematical difficulties in problem solving (MD-PS) from an initial pool of 1,999 seventh grade students in a larger study. Teachers and their…

This study evaluated whether schema-based instruction (SBI), a promising method for teaching students to represent and solve mathematical word problems, impacted the learning of percent word problems. Of particular interest was the extent that SBI improved high- and low-achieving students' learning and to a lesser degree on the indirect effect of…

This randomized controlled study investigated the efficacy of a Tier 1 intervention--schema-based instruction--designed to help students with and without mathematics difficulties (MD) develop proportional reasoning. Twenty seventh-grade teachers/classrooms were randomly assigned to a treatment condition (schema-based instruction) or control…

This randomized controlled study investigated the efficacy of a Tier 1 intervention, schema-based instruction (SBI), designed to help students with and without mathematics difficulties (MD) develop proportional reasoning. Twenty seventh-grade teachers/classrooms were randomly assigned to a treatment (SBI) or control (business-as-usual) condition.…

The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the study of the schema-based intervention (SBI) conducted by Jitendra et al. (2015) that demonstrated impact in proportional problem solving for a homogeneous sample of Upper Midwest students and teachers who were predominantly White and middle class. This study was replicated in two…

Ratio and proportional relationships are of primary importance during the upper elementary and middle school grades (Kilpatrick, Swafford, & Findell, 2001; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989, 2000; National Mathematics Advisory Panel [NMAP], 2008). These relationships, along with the interrelated topics of fractions, decimals,…