This study examined Chinese female college students' multiple health behaviors, their quality of life, and mental and psychological well-being and compared that with American counterparts. A convenience sample of 293 female undergraduates participated in the study during spring 2010, in Eastern China. A traditional self-report paper-pencil instrument was created and used to collect data. American college students' data collected in spring 2010 is from ACHA-NCHA. Chinese participants were primarily first or second year college students (94.9%). Overall, 22.5% of the Chinese students were classified as underweight. More than 39.0% had zero days of vigorous exercise per week. About 85.0% of students rarely or never used a seat belt when riding in a car driven by other people. Academics pressure was the most difficult thing for both Chinese and American students to handle. Chinese students reported worse general health, more struggles with mental health indicators, and greater personal relationship issues compared to the American cohort. It is concluded that Chinese female students have unique health needs compared to the American cohort. Prevention strategies or interventions should be designed to meet their needs. Health education priority should shift from a focus on one-dimensional physical health to multiple life-style-related health behaviors among this priority population. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)