To be born poor, Indian, and a female is to be a member of the most disadvantaged minority in Canada today. For 109 years the Indian Act of 1868 has discriminated against Canada's Indian women on grounds of race, sex and marital status. It states that an Indian woman marrying a non-Indian man ceases legally to be Indian. She must leave her…

Adopted for 22 years into the Seneca nation, Harriet Maxwell Converse devoted much of her life to the study and defense of the Indians of New York. The position of friendship and trust she enjoyed enabled her to record extensive information on the customs and institutions of the Iroquois. Material for this volume was taken from her notes found…

This two-part document outlines the Alberta government's proposed policy statement and presents Native peoples' views on the education of the more than 23,000 Native students that attend Alberta provincial schools. Based on discussions with Native people, information gathered from 180 meetings, and letters and papers, Alberta's Native Education…

Presented by Navajo narrators for the Navajo people, this collection of stories reflects the Navajo perception of Navajo history and the "Long Walk" to Fort Sumner, emphasizing Navajo insight rather than historical events placed in chronological sequence. Collectively, these 40 stories reflect the following Navajo perceptions: events…

Tracing the history of the term "squaw" offers insights into the positionings and politics of indigenous femininity in colonial America. Today, as throughout the colonization of Native America, imperial projects and projections have based themselves upon and imagined themselves through the lives, bodies, and images of indigenous women,…

The Media History section of this collection of conference presentations contains the following 21 papers: "Social Class Advocacy Journalism: Prelude to Party Politics, 1892" (David J. Vergobbi); "Pilfering the News: A Quality Comparison of the World and Journal's Spanish-American War Coverage" (Randall S. Sumpter); "The…

To determine the objectives and priorities of the northerners for community development in the North, as expressed by their hopes and aspirations for their own future, the Man in the North (MIN) Project of the Arctic Institute of North America decided to bring together community-development specialists and residents of the Canadian Arctic and of…

Indian control of Indian education, whether defined as control by the individual parent, parental school board or committee, or tribal council, has had legislative support since the passage of the Indian Self-Determination Act in 1978. While the authority for overseeing the federal trust responsibility for Indian people remains with the Bureau of…

This report describes the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Title III: Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students. Part A describes the English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement Act. Its four subparts include the following: (1) grants and subgrants for English language acquisition…

This paper documents efforts made by some Virginians in the first half of the 20th century to promote and maintain racial separatism. In the early 1920s, the Anglo-Saxon Clubs of America were founded in Virginia, and the leaders of this group successfully persuaded the state legislature to pass, in 1924, the Race Integrity Act. This Act created…

The Social and Rehabilitation Service granted the Alaska Division of Public Welfare funds to train and employ qualified Native village people as paraprofessionals who could provide the social services needed while living right in the village. The Rural Areas Social Services Project (RASS), a demonstration and training project aimed at bringing…

As a result of the State Board of Education and the Michigan Civil Rights Commission's Joint Policy Statement on Equality of Educational Opportunity, a school racial-ethnic census of Michigan public schools was initiated. The purposes of this census were to: (1) assist in the attainment of equality of educational opportunity without discrimination…

The Northern Paiute people of Nevada's Walker Lake area were known as the Agai Diccutta (Trout Eaters); they called themselves the Numa, or the People. For as long as anyone could recall, they had lived in the area, catching the huge trout from the lake and harvesting the pinon nuts and other foods from the surrounding desert. In the 1820's the…

This paper briefly reviews the various efforts undertaken by the University of California to maintain diversity in the institution, and especially at its highly competitive flagship campuses, UCLA and Berkeley, in the face of the loss of affirmative action during the mid-1990s. It demonstrates the continuing decline in representation of…

Since the school boycott at the on-reservation St. Regis elementary school in 1968, the Mohawk Indians have made major strides toward achieving greater educational opportunity, cultural awareness, and community self-determination. Under the leadership provided by the chiefs and the 3 elected committees--education, housing, and library culture…