A randomly selected group of Nationally Certified School Psychologists (NCSPs; n = 817) were mailed the 42-item "School Psychopharmacology Roles and Training Evaluation" (SPRTE) which inquired about their caseloads, practice roles as proposed by DuPaul and Carlson ([DuPaul, G. J., 2005]), and prior training in psychopharmacology. A modified "Tailored Design Methodology" (TDM; Dillman, Smyth, & Christian, [Dillman, D. A., 2009]), involving four mail-based contacts, was used to yield a 74% survey return rate (n = 607). Of the returned surveys, a 72% (n = 548) usable response rate was obtained and used in the present study. Consistent with prior literature, nearly all (99.6%) school psychologists reported serving at least one student taking psychotropic medication. Primary "direct" service roles included monitoring behavioral response to psychotropic treatment (28%), monitoring treatment side-effects (23%), and developing psychotropic treatment goals from direct assessment measures (14%). Primary "indirect" service roles included providing behavior management consultation to teachers of students taking medication (96%), implementing adjunctive psychosocial supports (87%), and providing assessment data to physicians for diagnostic purposes (84%). Despite differences in established psychopharmacological training standards, actual practice roles and training received did not differ between NCSPs from APA-accredited programs and those from National Association of School Psychologists (NASP)-approved programs. Implications for school psychopharmacology practice, training and research are addressed.