The Prosocial Attitude Blank (PAB) was designed to assess interpersonal values and ethical awareness of elementary school children. PAB was administered to 405 elementary students as one component of the evaluation of an intervention program designed to reduce interpersonal conflicts, increase literacy skills, and enhance children's ethical behaviors. PAB's conceptual model synthesized contemporary thinking on social helping behaviors. The instrument contained five "pretend" situations involving varying relationships to persons-in-distress: self, sibling, friend, unknown peer, and unseen other of nonspecific age. Students were asked what they would do, and their reason for the action, in an open-ended format. Potential costs of ameliorating distress were not stated in the instrument's items; instead, students were allowed to project costs as reasons for their actions. Pilot findings suggested that prosocial development might be more complex than previously believed. Rather than considering children's ethical awareness and behaviors in terms of developmental sequences across situations, it might be more appropriate to consider them in terms of changing contextual factors in children's understanding of their world and relationships therein. (Contains 9 references.) (Author/BGC)