Examines the long- and short-term policy alternatives in reducing firearm deaths of children. The article advocates the need for multiple steps that include educational efforts such as conflict resolution; safety devices, such as trigger locks; security policies for schools to protect students; and gun access laws to reduce firearm acquisitions by…

Considers the research in addressing how society should reasonably invest in the treatment of violent juvenile offenders. The authors first examine the problems of evaluating interventions with violent youth, then explore various intervention options. The use of multisystemic therapy is offered as a cost-effective program for reducing juvenile…

Presents an overview of available research and clinical understanding of the effects of exposure to violence on school-age and younger children. Suggestions for future research and public policy initiatives are offered. (GR)

Describes some of the problems that have been identified in federal research funding, administration, and support of research initiatives and training concerning child abuse and neglect. Remedies for these difficulties are outlined, research priorities are identified, and ways to rejuvenate the federal government's role in this area are suggested.…

Studies the "urban unhelpfulness" effect in England and the Sudan and the validity of cultural and dispositional explanations that have been put forward to explain it. Responses from 270 participants show the urban unhelpfulness effect to be quite equivalent in both countries. Additionally, the dispositional explanation was not supported in light…

Explores culture and gender differences in response styles using those of 1,717 children from 5 countries. Responses from the Self-Description Questionnaire-1 were analyzed for inconsistent responding, negativity or positivity bias, lack of profile variation, and social desirability. Relatively substantial country and country-by-gender differences…

Examined culturally based differences in the perceptions of causal attributions for athletic achievement in Germany and China. Results show that the Chinese perceive success and failure to be more internal and controllable than the Germans. This result is discussed from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture and from today's social…

Examined 302 Asian and Caucasian college students' attitudes towards rape victims and belief in rape myths. Results show significant differences between both groups. Asians more often endorsed negative attitudes toward rape victims than whites, and males endorsed more negative attitudes and more acceptance of rape myths than females. Results are…

Examined gender differences in spatial, verbal, and mathematical ability in 11,000 Israeli elementary school children. In each test the variance for boys exceeded girls by 10% to 20%. Consistent cross-grade differences in mean achievement were found only for mathematical ability. These results contradict American findings that show no gender…

Investigates differences in learning styles between men and women. Seventy-two people of different ethnic groups responded to the Learning Style Inventory (D. A. Kolb, 1976), 12 Educational Dialectical questions, and 1 question concerning learning experiences. Findings reveal that men appear to find congruence between traditional education and…

Determined gender differences in undergraduates decisions to seek a bachelor's degree and whether these differences could be explained by performance levels, expectations, and attainment values. No gender differences were found for expectations and attainment values, and performance levels did not explain gender differences in reasons for seeking…

Determined the role gender plays in influencing the prevalence and patterns of sexual risk taking. Responses from 245 undergraduate students show gender differences in risk-taking patterns. For females, potentially risky behavior in the partner domain was negatively related to risky behavior in the sexual practice domain, whereas for males, the…

Examines an approach used to promote multicultural self-development for preservice teachers. The authors describe the developmental process and the teaching and research settings and approaches. A brief summary and discussion of the implications for teacher education conclude the article. (GR)

Summarizes social conditions along the border between Mexico and the United States, with particular attention to conditions around Laredo (Texas), and presents 1993 survey results that measured the educational and lifestyle aspirations of 251 secondary students in schools surrounding Laredo. Results reveal a large majority had optimistic attitudes…

Highlights case studies of three elementary schools in the Kansas City (Missouri) System of Choice program that resulted from a court order to erase all vestiges of segregation in the Kansas City school district. The possible effects of these choices of school programs on educational equity are summarized. (GR)